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ABSTRACT Introduction: The research shows that most yoga students consider it a low-intensity and low-risk training, evidencing the lack of awareness related to prevention and safety methods, two causal factors of sports injuries. Added to this danger is the scarce literature scientifically reporting the prevention methods for college students practicing this activity. Objective: Study the prevention of injuries during yoga practice by college students, exploring the risk management of this activity. Methods: Patients admitted to a hospital, yoga practitioners, were volunteers in a questionnaire to raise the main injuries and their causes. Data such as time of practice, frequency, and recurrence of injuries were also cataloged. A preventive protocol was elaborated based on the data of the collected accidents and tested with another 50 volunteers divided equally into control and experimental groups. The control group received no interventions. The experimental group added 10 minutes of warm-up and stretching based on the elaborated protocol. Interventions were three times weekly for eight weeks. Risk mitigation data and FMS tests were collected and compared. Results: The total FMS test score in the experimental group increased from 12.5 to 16.2, with a significant impact. The total FMS test score of college students in the control group before the experiment was 12.5 to 14.3. Conclusion: Adding warm-up exercises combined with preparation activities by stretching and basic yoga movements before the start of activities can help athletes' physical condition and reduce the occurrence of sports injuries. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
RESUMO Introdução: As pesquisas mostram que a maioria dos estudantes praticantes de ioga a considera um treinamento de baixa intensidade e baixo risco, evidenciando a falta de consciência relacionada à prevenção e métodos de segurança, dois fatores causais de lesões esportivas. Soma-se a essa periculosidade a escassa literatura relatando cientificamente os métodos de prevenção aos estudantes universitários praticantes dessa atividade. Objetivo: Estudar a prevenção de lesões durante a prática do exercício de ioga pelos estudantes universitários, explorando a gestão de riscos dessa atividade. Métodos: Pacientes internados em um hospital, praticantes de ioga, foram voluntários em um questionário para levantar as principais lesões e suas causas. Dados como tempo de prática, frequência e reincidências de lesões também foram catalogadas. Um protocolo preventivo foi elaborado com base nos dados dos acidentes coletados e experimentado com outros 50 voluntários divididos igualmente em grupo controle e experimental. O grupo de controle não recebeu intervenções. O grupo experimental acrescentou 10 minutos de aquecimento e alongamento com base no protocolo elaborado. As intervenções foram de 3 vezes semanais, por 8 semanas. Dados de mitigação de riscos e teste FMS foram coletados e comparados. Resultados: A pontuação total do teste FMS no grupo experimental aumentou de 12,5 para 16,2, com impacto significativo. A pontuação total do teste FMS de estudantes universitários do grupo de controle antes do experimento foi de 12,5 para 14,3. Conclusão: A adição de exercícios de aquecimento combinados com atividades de preparação por alongamento e movimentos básicos de ioga antes do início das atividades pode auxiliar na condição física dos atletas e reduzir a ocorrência de lesões esportivas. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.
Resumen Introducción: Las investigaciones muestran que la mayoría de los estudiantes que practican yoga lo consideran un entrenamiento de baja intensidad y bajo riesgo, lo que evidencia la falta de concienciación relacionada con los métodos de prevención y seguridad, dos factores causales de las lesiones deportivas. A este peligro se suma la escasa literatura que informe científicamente sobre los métodos de prevención para los universitarios que practican esta actividad. Objetivo: Estudiar la prevención de lesiones durante la práctica del ejercicio de yoga por los estudiantes universitarios, explorando la gestión de riesgos de esta actividad. Métodos: Los pacientes ingresados en un hospital, practicantes de yoga, fueron voluntarios en un cuestionario para plantear las principales lesiones y sus causas. También se catalogaron datos como el tiempo de práctica, la frecuencia y la recurrencia de las lesiones. Se elaboró un protocolo preventivo basado en los datos de los accidentes recogidos y se experimentó con otros 50 voluntarios divididos a partes iguales en grupo de control y grupo experimental. El grupo de control no recibió ninguna intervención. El grupo experimental añadió 10 minutos de calentamiento y estiramientos basados en el protocolo elaborado. Las intervenciones se realizaron 3 veces por semana durante 8 semanas. Se recopilaron y compararon los datos de mitigación de riesgos y la prueba FMS. Resultados: La puntuación total de la prueba FMS en el grupo experimental aumentó de 12,5 a 16,2, con un impacto significativo. La puntuación total en la prueba FMS de los estudiantes universitarios del grupo de control antes del experimento era de 12,5 a 14,3. Conclusión: La adición de ejercicios de calentamiento combinados con actividades de preparación mediante estiramientos y movimientos básicos de yoga antes del inicio de las actividades puede ayudar a la condición física de los deportistas y reducir la aparición de lesiones deportivas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.
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Objective@#To study the characteristics of clinical diagnosis and treatment for 3 children with phytosterolemia. @*Methods@#The different clinical manifestations of 3 children with phytosterolemia were retrospectively reviewed. The case 1 and case 2, who were 7 years and 2 months old twin sisters, hospitalized for frequent epistaxis and abdominal pain. The case 3, who was 5 years and 7 months old male, came to the hospital for cutaneous xanthoma. The phytosterol levels in serum of the children were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the second generation sequencing method was used to analyze the disease-causing gene. Sanger sequencing method was used to verify the ABCG5 gene mutation and parental source. @*Results@#(1) The case 1 and case 2 showed moderate anemia, raised reticulocytes, total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin as well as splenomegaly. The blood smear showed that there were more irregular red blood cells, such as oral red blood cells, increased large/giant platelets, and ristomycin-induced platelet aggregation test was decreased. The urine routine examination indicated that there was bleeding in the urinary system. The results of blood lipid test were almost normal. The case 3 showed mild anemia with normal shape of erythrocyte and normal size of spleen. The large/giant platelets increased. The results of platelet aggregation test, bilirubin and urine routine examination were in normal range, but the levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased significantly. (2) The levels of serum phytosterol were significantly increased in all the 3 children. (3) Two heterozygous mutations were detectable in ABCG5 gene of case 1 and 2 which were complex heterozygous mutation, i.e., c.9041G＞A and c.751C＞T. The variations were from their father and mother respectively. In case 3, only one homozygous mutation was detectable in ABCG5 gene which originated from their parents. @*Conclusion@#When the child showed increased large/giant platelets, hemolytic anemia, erythrocytosis or xanthoma of skin and rised total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol at first visit, the possibility of phytosterolemia should be considered. The blood phytosterol content and gene detection should be carried out as early as possible in order to treat early and improve prognosis.